Facial expression of pain:
An evolutionary account
Amanda C. de C. Williams
Pain motivates the individual to promote safety and recovery; the function of facial expression of pain is examined in relation to evolved propensities for specific behaviours. A distinct and specific facial expression of pain is recognized as pain by observers, even under attempts to suppress it. However, pain is largely disregarded in evolutionary literature on facial expression and help-giving, and facial expression of pain neglected in clinical pain settings, where operant formulations of global expression and social contingencies dominate. An evolutionary account of pain facial expression can generate improved assessment of pain and reactions to it.
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